银行保函中英对照

银行保函，又称银行担保，是指银行、保险公司或担保机构应申请人的请求，向受益人开立的一种书面信用保证文件。银行保函在国际贸易、工程承包、招标投标等领域应用广泛，是降低交易风险、保障交易安全的重要手段。本文将对银行保函进行中英对照说明，并列举一些常见类型的银行保函。

一、银行保函定义 Definition of Bank Guarantee

银行保函是由银行、保险公司或其他担保机构（担保人）应申请人（通常是债务人）的要求向受益人（通常是债权人）开具的书面承诺。如果申请人未能履行其对受益人的合同义务，担保人将根据保函条款向受益人支付一笔指定的款项。

A bank guarantee is a written promise issued by a bank, insurance company or other surety (the guarantor) to a beneficiary (usually the creditor) at the request of an applicant (usually the debtor). If the applicant fails to fulfill its contractual obligations to the beneficiary, the guarantor will pay a specified sum of money to the beneficiary in accordance with the terms of the guarantee.

二、银行保函的作用 Functions of Bank Guarantees

银行保函的主要作用包括：

降低交易风险：银行保函为双方提供了一种额外的信用保障，降低了交易中的信用风险。 保障交易安全：如果一方违约，另一方可以通过银行保函获得赔偿，保障了交易的安全。 提高交易效率：银行保函可以简化交易流程，提高交易效率。

The main functions of bank guarantees include:

Reduce transaction risks: Bank guarantees provide an additional credit guarantee for both parties, reducing credit risks in transactions. Ensure transaction security: If one party breaches the contract, the other party can obtain compensation through the bank guarantee, ensuring the security of the transaction. Improve transaction efficiency: Bank guarantees can simplify transaction procedures and improve transaction efficiency.

三、银行保函的种类 Types of Bank Guarantees

常见的银行保函类型包括：

投标保函 Bid Bond: 提交给业主，保证投标人在中标后将签署合同并提供履约保证金。

Submitted to the employer, guaranteeing that the bidder will sign the contract and provide the performance bond after winning the bid.

履约保函 Performance Bond: 提交给业主，保证承包人按照合同约定完成工程或提供服务。

Submitted to the employer, guaranteeing that the contractor will complete the project or provide services in accordance with the contract.

预付款保函 Advance Payment Guarantee: 提交给业主，保证承包人在收到预付款后将按照合同规定使用预付款，并在工程完成后或未按照合同规定使用预付款时退还预付款。

Submitted to the employer, guaranteeing that the contractor will use the advance payment in accordance with the contract after receiving it, and will refund the advance payment after the completion of the project or if the advance payment is not used in accordance with the contract.

付款保函 Payment Guarantee: 提交给供货商，保证买方按照合同约定支付货款。

Submitted to the supplier, guaranteeing that the buyer will pay for the goods in accordance with the contract.

质量保函 Warranty Bond: 提交给业主，保证工程或货物在一定期限内符合约定的质量标准。

Submitted to the employer, guaranteeing that the project or goods will meet the agreed quality standards within a certain period of time.

四、银行保函的要素 Elements of a Bank Guarantee

一份完整的银行保函通常包含以下要素：

保函编号 Guarantee Number: 用于识别该保函的唯一编号。 开立日期 Date of Issue: 保函开立的日期。 担保银行 Guarantor Bank: 出具保函的银行名称和地址。 申请人 Applicant: 申请开立保函的一方，通常是债务人。 受益人 Beneficiary: 保函的受益方，通常是债权人。 保函金额 Guarantee Amount: 担保银行承诺支付的最高金额。 保函期限 Guarantee Period: 保函的有效期限。 担保范围 Guarantee Scope: 担保银行承担担保责任的具体范围。 付款条件 Payment Conditions: 担保银行进行付款的条件和程序。 法律适用 Law and Jurisdiction: 规定适用法律和管辖法院。

A complete bank guarantee usually includes the following elements:

Guarantee Number: A unique number used to identify the guarantee. Date of Issue: Guarantee issuance date. Guarantor Bank: The name and address of the bank issuing the guarantee. Applicant: The party applying for the issuance of the guarantee, usually the debtor. Beneficiary: The beneficiary of the guarantee, usually the creditor. Guarantee Amount: The maximum amount the guarantor bank undertakes to pay. Guarantee Period: The period of validity of the guarantee. Guarantee Scope: The specific scope of the liability assumed by the guarantor bank. Payment Conditions: The conditions and procedures for the guarantor bank to make payment. Law and Jurisdiction: Governing Law and Jurisdiction.

五、银行保函的使用 Use of Bank Guarantees

银行保函在国际贸易、工程承包、招标投标等领域应用广泛。例如，在国际贸易中，买方可以要求卖方提供履约保函，以保证卖方按照合同约定交货；在工程承包中，业主可以要求承包商提供履约保函和预付款保函，以保证工程顺利进行；在招标投标中，招标人可以要求投标人提供投标保函，以防止投标人在中标后放弃中标。

Bank guarantees are widely used in international trade, project contracting, bidding and tendering. For example, in international trade, the buyer may require the seller to provide a performance bond to ensure that the seller delivers the goods in accordance with the contract; in project contracting, the employer may require the contractor to provide a performance bond and an advance payment guarantee to ensure the smooth progress of the project; in bidding and tendering, the tenderee may require the bidder to provide a bid bond to prevent the bidder from giving up the bid after winning the bid.

六、银行保函的风险 Risks of Bank Guarantees

尽管银行保函可以有效降低交易风险，但也存在一些风险，例如：

欺诈风险 Fraud Risk: 不法分子可能伪造银行保函或利用虚假交易骗取担保。 政治风险 Political Risk: 国家或地区政治局势动荡可能导致银行保函无法兑付。 法律风险 Legal Risk: 不同国家或地区的法律法规差异可能导致银行保函效力认定存在争议。

Although bank guarantees can effectively reduce transaction risks, there are also some risks, such as:

Fraud Risk: Fraudsters may forge bank guarantees or use false transactions to defraud guarantees. Political Risk: Political instability in a country or region may render bank guarantees unredeemable. Legal Risk: Differences in laws and regulations between different countries or regions may lead to disputes over the validity of bank guarantees.

七、结语 Conclusion

银行保函作为一种重要的金融工具，在保障交易安全、促进经济发展方面发挥着重要作用。了解银行保函的定义、